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Oncología

Signos neoplásicos y síndrome paraneoplásico

SIGNOS NEOPLASICOS

Son múltiples los signos físicos (marcas objetivas y verificables de la enfermedad) que pueden presentarse en un paciente con cáncer, muchos de ellos son signos paraneoplásicos, la Sociedad Veterinaria de Cáncer resumió los 7 signos más importantes que guiarán a un Clínico a realizarse el siguiente interrogante: ¿estamos ante el cáncer?

* Abultamientos anormales que persisten o continúan creciendo.
* Pérdida del Apetito
* Sangrado o secreción de cualquier cavidad corporal
* Mal olor 
* Dificultad para tragar o comer
* Vacilación para ejercitarse o pérdida de vigor
* Aletargamiento o rigidez persistente
* Dificultad para orinar, defecar o respirar

Ojo! puede presentarse otros signos también como fiebre persistente, dolor, micción excesiva, anemia, etc… dependiendo de la localización del tumor.

SÍNDROME PARANEOPLASICO

El síndrome paraneoplásico es el conjunto de signos y síntomas que presenta el paciente y es el efecto a distancia del cáncer que padece, la mayoría de los signos  cursan con sintomatología característica pero solo a través de pruebas selectivas de laboratorio (no es cuestión de la realización indiscriminada de análisis) se podrán confirmar.
Pueden presentarse uno o varios asociados dependiendo el tipo de tumor:

* Caquexia Tumoral (alteraciones del metabolismo que cursa con pérdida de peso a pesar de una ingesta nutricional adecuada)
* Hipercalcemia (aumento de calcio circulante que produce efectos dañinos en ciertos órganos, Ej. Riñón)
* Hipocalcemia (disminución del calcio circulante)
* Hipoglucemia (disminución de glucosa en sangre: cursa con signos neurológicos, debilidad, desorientación, etc..) 
* Eritrositosis (por hiperproducción de eritropoyetina cursa con trombosis, problemas circulatorios, insuficiencia cardiaca , etc..)
* Producción hormonal (producción de hormonas muy parecidas a las normales con efectos nocivos)
* Anemia (disminución de glóbulos rojos)
* Fiebre
* Etc….

Autor: Dra. Adelaida (Ade) Goldman

Fuente Imagen: commons.wikimedia.org

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